目的 探讨哮喘患儿父母医疗决策参与的潜在剖面及影响因素，为制订针对性的干预策略提供依据。方法 2024年3月至2025年1月，采用便利抽样法选取在湖南省某三级甲等儿童医院治疗的哮喘患儿的父母为研究对象。采用决策参与量表、医疗决策评价性调查问卷及领悟社会支持量表等对其调查，对其医疗决策参与的期望水平进行潜在剖面分析，通过单因素分析和多元Logistic回归分析探讨影响因素。结果 哮喘患儿父母医疗决策参与的期望水平为（72.35±19.59）分，可分为低参与-决策接受被动组、中参与-决策参与中立组、高参与-决策需求积极组3种潜在剖面类型。3个潜在类别的父母在年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入、患儿住院次数、医疗决策评价量表得分及领悟社会支持量表得分的差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析显示，上述6个因素中除年龄以外，其他因素均是哮喘患儿父母医疗决策参与期望水平的重要影响因素（均 P ＜0.05）。结论 哮喘患儿父母医疗决策参与的期望水平存在明显的异质性，应根据不同分类特征实施干预，帮助其提高医疗决策参与的期望水平。

Objective To explore the latent profiles and influencing factors of healthcare decision-making participation among parents of children with asthma,and to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies.Methods From March 2024 to January 2025,parents of children with asthma treated in a hospital in Hunan Province were selected as research subjects using convenient sampling method.The decisional engagement scale(DES-10),medical decision-making evaluation questionnaire,and perceived social support scale (PSSS) were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was conducted on their desired levels of healthcare decision-making participation.Influencing factors were explored through univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The desired level of healthcare decision-making participation was (72.35±19.59).Three potential profile types were identified:Low Participation-Passive Decision Acceptance Group,Moderate Participation-Neutral Decision Engagement Group,and High Participation-Active Decision Demand Group.Significant differences were found among the three latent classes regarding age,education level,monthly household income,number of hospitalizations,scores on the medical decision-making evaluation scale,and scores on the PSSS (all P ＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that except for age,the other five factors were important influencing factors for the desired level of healthcare decision-making participation (all P ＜0.05). Conclusions There is significant heterogeneity in the desired levels of healthcare decision-making participation among parents of children with asthma.Interventions should be implemented based on different classification characteristics to help improve their desired level of participation.

R473.72

湖南省自然科学基金（2023JJ60008）；湖南省卫生健康委2023国家临床重点专科重大科研项目（Z2023064）