自主呼吸试验（spontaneous breathing trial,SBT）是评估患者自主呼吸功能与撤机可能性的有效方法。不恰当的SBT可能导致撤机过早或延迟，引发不良后果。规范实施SBT是临床实践的重要挑战。本文基于美国呼吸治疗学会（American Association for Respiratory Care,AARC）2024年发布的《成人机械通气撤机临床实践指南：自主呼吸试验》，解析SBT相关的4个临床问题，以期推动撤机的规范化实施，从而促进患者安全。

The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is an effective method to assess patients’ spontaneous respiratory function and the potential for weaning from mechanical ventilation.Inappropriate implementation of SBT may result in either premature or delayed weaning,leading to adverse outcomes.Standardizing the execution of SBT remains a significant challenge in clinical practice.Based on the 2024 “Clinical Practice Guideline:Spontaneous Breathing Trials for Liberation From Adult Mechanical Ventilation” issued by the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC),this article analyzes 4 clinical issues related to SBT,with the aim of promoting standardized weaning practices and thereby ensuring patient safety.

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浙江省教育厅一般科研项目（Y202249669）