目的 了解鼻咽癌患者的患病体验，为临床有针对性地制订干预方案提供参考。方法 2024年7-10月，目的抽样法选取广东省某三级甲等肿瘤医院16例鼻咽科患者为研究对象。基于理论域框架，采用描述性质性研究方法，开展半结构式访谈，并采用定向内容分析法进行资料分析。结果 鼻咽癌患者的患病体验可归纳为5个主题、13个亚主题，分别是：自我认知冲突（身体意象失调、角色功能弱化）；负性情绪体验（恐惧、愤怒、怀疑、并发症状困扰、治疗效果焦虑）；支持系统不足（医患沟通欠缺、家庭支持缺乏）；应对方式改变（转移、回避）和资源可及性差（经济负担沉重、信息真伪难辨）。结论 鼻咽癌患者的患病体验涉及认知、情感、社会支持等多方面，提示临床应重点关注患者认知冲突与情感体验，激发其内在动力，重视家庭同伴支持，强化外部资源整合，开展有针对性的干预。

Objective To understand the illness experience of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and provide reference for the targeted development of clinical intervention programs.Methods From July to October 2024,16 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma from a tertiary A cancer hospital in Guangdong province were selected by purposive sampling.Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework,a descriptive qualitative research method was employed,involving semi-structured interviews and directed content analysis for data analysis.Results The illness experience of such patients was summarized into 5 themes and 13 sub-themes:self-cognitive conflict (body image disturbance,role function weakening);negative emotional experience (fear,anger,doubt,distress from concurrent symptoms,anxiety about treatment effects);insufficient support system (lack of doctor-patient communication,lack of family support);changes in coping styles (distraction,avoidance);poor resource accessibility (heavy economic burden,difficulty discerning information authenticity).Conclusions The illness experience of these patients involves multiple aspects such as cognition,emotion,and social support.This suggests that clinical practice should focus on patients’ cognitive conflicts and emotional experiences,stimulate their internal motivation,emphasize family and peer support,strengthen the integration of external resources,and implement targeted intervention.

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广东省教育科学规划课题高等教育专项（2024GXJK321）；广东省研究生教育创新计划项目（2025KCJS_022）