目的 了解癌症患者社会融合的体验,探索其感知增进和阻碍社会融合的因素,为制订该人群的护理支持方案提供依据.方法 通过描述性质性研究方法,采用目的抽样法选取2023年12月至2024年3月在上海市5所三级甲等医院复诊的 21名癌症患者进行半结构化访谈,采用内容分析法进行资料分析.结果 共提炼出3个主题,7个亚主题,即:癌症患者社会融合的具体表现(适应癌症生存者身份、适当参加社会活动、维护调整人际关系),癌症患者感知增进社会融合的因素(乐观坚韧的个人性格、医护—病友—照护者的协同支持),癌症患者感知阻碍社会融合的因素(医疗信息缺乏、政策保障待完善).结论 护理人员应关注癌症患者的社会融合状态,构建社会支持系统,助力心理护理,加强信息供给和呼吁政策保障,促进癌症患者融入社会.

Objective To understand the experience of social integration among cancer patients,explore the reasons for their social integration and identify their needs,so as to provide a basis for the development of nursing support programs.Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using purposive sampling method to select 21 cancer patients who were undergoing follow-up treatment in five tertiary A hospitals in Shanghai from December 2023 to March 2024.Semi-structured interviews were conducted,and content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 3 themes and 7 sub-themes were identified.These include the experiences of social integration in cancer patients (adapting to the identity of a cancer survivor,participating appropriately in social activities,maintaining and adjusting interpersonal relationships),factors perceived by cancer patients to enhance social integration (optimistic and resilient personal traits,collaborative support from medical staff,fellow patients,and caregivers),barriers to social integration for cancer patients (lack of medical information,inadequate policy support).Conclusions Nursing staff should pay close attention to cancer patients’ social integration status by establishing comprehensive support systems,enhancing psychological care,improving health information accessibility,and advocating for policy safeguards to facilitate their social reintegration.

R47-05；R473.73

上海市卫健委卫生行业临床研究专项（20224Y0168）