目的 整合住院患者口服营养补充（oral nutritional supplements,ONS）依从性管理的最佳证据，为改善患者ONS依从性状况提供参考。方法 根据PIPOST构建循证问题，系统检索Up To Date、BMJ 最佳临床实践、知网等国内外数据库、指南网和专业协会数据库，纳入提高ONS依从性的相关研究。检索时限为建库至2024年1月。由4名研究者筛选文献并进行质量评价，汇总证据条目并总结证据，做出证据的推荐等级。结果 共纳入14篇文献，其中指南3篇、专家共识5篇、系统评价6篇。整合评估依从性、建立多学科管理团队、影响ONS摄入的症状或疾病管理、ONS制剂及服用过程管理、提高社会支持、健康教育6个方面的18条证据。结论 总结的住院患者ONS依从性管理的最佳证据具有科学性和临床实用性，能为提高患者ONS依从性提供参考。

Objective To integrate the best evidence on the management of compliance with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in inpatients,and to provide reference for improving compliance with ONS.Methods Evidence-based questions were constructed according to PIPOST,and Chinese and foreign databases such as Up To Date,BMJ best clinical practice,CNKI,guidelines network and professional association databases were systematically searched,and relevant studies on improving ONS compliance were included.The search period is from database inception to January 2024.Four researchers screened the literatures and evaluated the quality,summarized the evidence items and the evidence,and made the recommendation level of the evidence.Results A total of 14 literatures were included,including 3 guidelines,5 expert consensus,6 systematic reviews.The evidence of 6 aspects including compliance assessment,establishment of multidisciplinary management team,management of symptoms or diseases affecting ONS intake,management of ONS preparations and administration process,improvement of social support,and health education were integrated,with a total of 18 items.Conclusions The best evidence for ONS compliance management of inpatients summarized in this study is scientific and clinically practical,which can provide reference for improving ONS compliance and improving the nutritional status of patients.

R472.9；R823