目的 探讨孕妇分娩恐惧的潜在类别及影响因素，为实施针对性干预提供参考。方法 2022年7-9月，采用便利抽样法选取在唐山市某三级甲等医院进行产前检查的598名孕妇为调查对象，采用分娩态度问卷、患者健康问卷、广泛性焦虑量表、领悟社会支持量表等对其调查。对孕妇分娩恐惧进行潜在剖面分析，采用多元Logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。结果 孕妇分娩恐惧可分“低分娩恐惧-高应对能力组”“中分娩恐惧-担忧疼痛伤害组”“高分娩恐惧-担忧疼痛伤害组”3个潜在类别，其在文化程度、自评健康状况、产次、产前教育等方面的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。文化程度、产前教育、产次、抑郁、焦虑、倾向分娩方式、妊娠并发症是孕妇分娩恐惧不同类别的影响因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 孕妇分娩恐惧存在明显的分类特征，医护人员应根据不同类别的影响因素对孕妇进行心理疏导及针对性干预，以降低其分娩恐惧水平。

Objective To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of pregnant women’s fear of childbirth, and to provide reference for the implementation of targeted intervention.Methods From July to September 2022, 598 pregnant women who had a check-up in a tertiary A hospital in Tangshan city were selected using convenience sampling method.Childbirth attitude questionnaire, patient health questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder and perceived social support scale were used to investigate the patients.Latent profile analysis was conducted on pregnant women’s fear of childbirth, and the influencing factors of different categories were analyzed by Multivariate Logistic Regression.Results Pregnant women’s fear of childbirth can be divided into three potential categories: low fear of childbirth-high coping ability group, medium fear of childbirth-fear of pain injury group, and high fear of childbirth-fear of pain injury group.There were statistically significant differences in education level, self-rated health status, parity, prenatal education (all P＜0.05).Education level, prenatal education, parity, depression, anxiety, preferred delivery mode and pregnancy complications are the influencing factors of different types of pregnant women’s fear of delivery(all P＜0.05).Conclusions There are obvious classification characteristics of pregnant women’s fear of childbirth, and medical staff should give psychological counseling and targeted intervention to pregnant women according to different types of influencing factors to reduce their level of fear of childbirth.

R473.71

河北省医学科学研究课题计划项目（20211504）