目的 总结气管切开患者吸痰临床实践的循证证据，将证据进行临床转化，并验证其临床应用效果。方法 通过澳大利亚循证护理中心循证框架、结构化检索文献、质量评价和整合，获得气管切开患者吸痰前气道评估、用物评估、氧储备、吸痰负压、吸痰深度、气道湿化、声门下吸引等证据共14条、形成审查指标16条，并将证据转化至临床实践。结果 证据应用后，ICU护士对气管切开患者吸痰相关理论知识得分提高[（58.30±12.27）分vs（63.68±11.88）分，P＜0.05]、临床实践与最佳证据的16条审查指标规范化执行率亦均有不同程度提高（均P＜0.05）。结论 经循证实践，气管切开患者吸痰的临床操作现况与最佳证据之间的差距缩小，优化了护理操作，提高了护理质量。

Objective To summarize the evidence-based evidence of clinical practice in sputum aspiration for patients undergoing tracheotomy,so as to transform the evidence into clinical practice and verify its clinical application effect.Methods Through JBI evidence-based framework,structured literature retrieval,quality evaluation and integration,14 pieces of evidence and 16 items of review indicators were obtained,including airway assessment,material assessment,oxygen reserve,negative pressure of sputum aspiration,depth of sputum aspiration,airway humidification and subglottic aspiration of patients undergoing tracheotomy before sputum aspiration.The evidence was transformed into clinical practice.Results ICU nurses’ scores of theoretical knowledge related to sputum aspiration in patients undergoing tracheotomy increased after the application of evidence [(58.30±12.27) points vs (63.68±11.88) points,P＜0.05],and the standardized implementation rate of 16 review indicators of clinical practice and best evidence increased to varying degrees (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The evidence-based practice shows that the gap between the current state of clinical practice and the best evidence of sputum aspiration in patients undergoing tracheotomy is narrowed,which optimizes the care practices and improves the quality of care.

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军队护理创新与培育专项（2021HL027）；复旦大学循证护理中心第七期证据转化与临床应用项目（Fudanebn202228）