目的 建立一套科学有效、导向明确的核应急医学救援背景下带污手术防护技术规范，以提高应急救援质量，为核应急救援积累研究资料。方法 通过文献研究、定性访谈、小组讨论，初步拟定核应急医学救援背景下带污手术防护技术规范专家咨询问卷，采用德尔菲法进行两轮咨询，并将其应用于核应急医学救援培训后的评估，以进行验证。结果 两轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率均为100%，咨询专家权威系数均为0.94，其重要性和可行性的专家意见协调系数分别为（0.10、0.46）和（0.12、0.60）。根据其均数和变异系数取值结果，结合专家评议和研究小组讨论，建立核应急医学救援背景下带污手术防护技术规范。经实训，应用规范后带污手术的环境器械去污评分、带污伤员去污评分项均较培训前有所提高（均P＜0.05）。结论 构建的核应急医学救援背景下带污手术防护技术规范较为科学合理，适合现阶段我国国情。

Objective To establish a set of scientific,effective,and clearly oriented protective technique norms for contaminated surgeries in nuclear emergency medical rescues,so as to improve the quality of emergency rescue,and promote the research on nuclear emergency rescue.Methods Based on literature research,qualitative interview,and group discussion,we tentatively developed an expert consultation questionnaire on protective technique norms for contaminated surgeries in nuclear emergency medical rescue,then conducted two rounds of consultation using the Delphi method,and applied the norms to the evaluation after the training course on nuclear emergency medical rescue for empirical validation.Results The respond rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaire were both 100%,with the Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.94,and the coordination coefficients of expert opinions on the importance and feasibility were (0.10,0.46) and (0.12,0.60),respectively.According to the mean and the coefficient of variation,as well as expert comments and group discussions,the protective technique norms for contaminated surgeries in nuclear emergency medical rescue were established.Through practice assessment,the scores of the environmental instrument decontamination,personal protection assessment,and decontamination of contaminated casualties after applying the norms were all significantly improved than those before training (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The protective technique norms for contaminated surgeries in nuclear emergency medical rescue constructed in this study is scientific and reasonable,and suitable for the current national conditions in China.

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